BRAINCASE AND NEUROANATOMY OF PSEUDOCHAMPSA ISCHIGUALASTENSIS AND TROPIDOSUCHUS ROMERI (ARCHOSAURIFORMES, PROTEROCHAMPSIA)
Keywords:
Braincase. Cranial endocast. Proterochampsids. Triassic. South America.Abstract
Proterochampsids form a clade of archosauriforms endemic to South America, interpreted as the sister-taxon of the crown-group Archosauria. Because of this, aspects of the skull osteology in this group are particularly important to understand the evolutionary radiation of Archosauriformes. The braincase anatomy of archosauriforms was described for several groups, including few proterochampsids. However, paleoneurological studies on basal archosauriforms are scarce, and these were never conducted on proterochampsids, except for few preliminary analyses of Tropidosuchus romeri and Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis. Here we add descriptive information on the braincase and partial endocranial morphology of the type-specimens of the proterochampsids Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis and Tropidosuchus romeri based on CT scans. Reptile Encephalization Quotient (REQ) and olfactory ratios were calculated for the first the time for a proterochampsid, indicating a high olfactory acuity for Tropidosuchus romeri, and suggesting a lifestyle similar to that of living crocodilians. The neurocranial information presented here is important due the scarcity of such data for Proterochampsidae. Resumen. NEUROCRÁNEO Y NEUROANATOMÍA DE PSEUDOCHAMPSA ISCHIGUALASTENSIS Y TROPIDOSUCHUS ROMERI (ARCHOSAURIFORMES, PROTEROCHAMPSIA). Los proterochámpsidos forman un clado de arcosauriformes endémico de América del Sur, interpretado como el taxónhermano del grupo-corona Archosauria. Por ello, aspectos de la osteología craneana de este grupo son particularmente importantes para entender la radiación evolutiva de Archosauriformes. La anatomía del neurocráneo de arcosauriformes fue descripta para muchos grupos, incluyendo pocos proterochámpsidos. Sin embargo, estudios paleoneurológicos en arcosauriformes basales son escasos, y estos nunca se hicieron en proterochámpsidos, excepto por algunos análisis preliminares de Tropidosuchus romeri y Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis. Aquí sumamos información descriptiva sobre el neurocráneo y la anatomía endocraneana parcial de los especímenes-tipo de los proterochámpsidos Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis y Tropidosuchus romeri basados en Tomografías Computadas. El Coeficiente de Encefalización de Reptiles (REQ) y la proporción olfatoria fueron calculados por primera vez para proterochámpsidos, indicando una agudeza olfatoria alta para Tropidosuchus romeri, y sugiriendo un tipo de vida similar al de los cocodrilos actuales. La información neurocraneana presentada aquí es importante debido a la escasez de tales datos para Proterochampsidae.Downloads
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