FEEDING ECOLOGY OF ASTROHIPPUS STOCKII FROM THE LATE HEMPHILLIAN OF CENTRAL MEXICO: STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES ANALYSIS AND DENTAL WEAR PATTERNS
Keywords:
Stable isotopes. Microwear. Mesowear. Horses. Pliocene. Central MexicoAbstract
The small-sized Astrohippus stockii was a one-toed horse restricted to the latest Hemphillian (Hh4) NALMA (5.8 – 4.6 Ma). Although this species is relatively common in fossil localities of the United States and Mexico, much remains to be known regarding to its feeding ecology. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to reconstruct the dietary behavior of A. stockii based on a sample from Arroyo La Carreta locality, latest The small-sized Astrohippus stockii was a one-toed horse restricted to the latest Hemphillian (Hh4) NALMA (5.8–4.6 Ma). Although this species is relatively common in fossil localities of the United States and Mexico, much remains to be known regarding its feeding ecology. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to reconstruct the dietary behavior of A. stockii based on a sample from Arroyo La Carreta locality, latest Hemphillian of Guanajuato, central Mexico. Carbon isotope and meso- and microwear analyses were conducted. The ?13C isotope data indicate a diet consisting of both C3/C4 plants with a preference for C4 plants (average ?13C of -1.9‰± 1.3‰ [SD]), whereas the micro- (high number of scratches and a low number of pits) and mesowear (round to blunt cusps and low relief) signatures implied processing of abrasive sources (biogenic and abiogenic). The information about the feeding ecology of A. stockii from Guanajuato, Chihuahua, Florida and Texas showed that this North American horse had broad feeding habits, ranging from almost exclusive grazing to browsing. The dietary flexibility in this horse species is probably related to local environmental conditions, suggesting an adaptable dietary regime across its geographic distribution. This is the first study that uses three of the most widely applied analyses to reconstruct the feeding ecology of a Mexican fossil ungulate species Resumen. ECOLOGÍA ALIMENTARIA DE ASTROHIPPUS STOCKII DEL HENFILIANO TARDÍO DEL CENTRO DE MÉXICO: ANÁLISIS DE ISÓTOPOS ESTABLES DE CARBONO Y PATRONES DE DESGASTE DENTAL. El équido monodáctilo de tamaño pequeño Astrohippus stockii tuvo una distribución geocronológica restringida a finales del Henfiliano tardío (Hh4) NALMA (5,8–4,6 Ma). Aunque esta especie es relativamente común en localidades fosilíferas de los Estados Unidos y México, poco se sabe acerca de su ecología alimentaria. En el presente estudio se implementó una aproximación multidisciplinar para reconstruir el hábito alimentario de A. stockii basada en una muestra procedente de la localidad de finales del Henfiliano tardío conocida como Arroyo La Carreta, Guanajuato, centro de México. Se aplicó un análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y evaluación de patrones de desgaste dental a nivel microscópico (microdesgaste) y macroscópico (mesodesgaste). Los datos del isótopo ?13C indican una dieta consistente en plantas C3 y C4 con preferencia por plantas C4 (valor promedio de ?13C de -1,9‰ ± 1,3‰ [SD]), mientras que los patrones de microdesgaste (número elevado de rasguños y número bajo de fosas) y mesodesgaste (cúspides redondeadas a romas y relieve bajo) indican el procesamiento de elementos abrasivos (biogénicos y abiogénicos). La información acerca de la ecología alimentaria de A. stockii de Guanajuato, Chihuahua, Florida y Texas muestra que este équido de América del Norte tuvo un hábito alimentario amplio, desde ser pacedor a ser ramoneador. La flexibilidad dietaria observada estuvo probablemente relacionada a las condiciones ambientales locales del sitio que estuvo habitando, lo cual a su vez sugiere un régimen alimentario adaptable a través de su distribución geográfica. Este es el primer estudio en el que se reconstruye la ecología alimentaria de una especie de ungulado fósil de México, a partir de la implementación del análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y evaluación de patrones de desgaste dental.Downloads
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